EVOLUTION OF DRUGS



 Definition 

Berries of coffee plant
   A drug is defined as any chemical agent that affects the living protoplasm.

Drug invention vs Drug discovery

A drug discovery is not intentional.

A drug invention  is defined as the intentional process

Poisonous mushroom

by which the drug is sculpted by experimentation &
 
optimization of individual properties .

 Early experiences in chemistry

Goats went insane after eating the berries of coffee plant 

Professional poisoners used mushrooms and Belladona 

Atropa belladona
source: www.fs.fd.usa

Curare was used by South American tribes for hunting

Poppy  was used to relieve pain

Chinese herb Ma Huang was used as a circulatory stimulant

Rise of Organic chemistry

PAUL EHLRICH worked on dyes 

He invented arsphenamine named as 

Salvarsan - Salvation of humankind 

PAUL EHLRICH
Father of chemotherapy

curare

 




poppy


                                                                        

 Organic arsenicals was used for the treatment of syphilis

 GERHARD DOMAGYK used prontosil treating
  streptococcus infections  

   
GERHARD DOMAGYK
German pathologist



















Further led to the era of antibiotic chemotherapy






                  

                      





 



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Modulation, First - pass effect , Bioavailability & Bioequivalence

Image
Modulation of the cytochrome P450 system INHIBITION - Drugs inhibit the action of these enzymes and even the isoforms have an important role to play Eg : Quinidine is a potent competitive inhibitor of CYP2D6 and Ketoconazole is a non-competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4 INDUCTION - Some drugs increase the activity of these enzymes and the conjugating systems when administered repeatedly Eg: Rifampicin   Presystemic metabolism   Also called as the First pass effect . Drugs when administered orally undergoes circulation via the hepatic-portal vein from Gut wall to the Liver where part of the drugs are metabolized and only the remaining part of the drug enters the circulation. source: https://resources.time.leeds.ac.uk/ Disadvantages of First pass effect 1) Lower bioavailability  source:https://metastatictrialtalk.org/ 2) Higher drug dosage  source: https://www.shutterstock.com 3) Individual variation source: https://www.Dreamstime.com  Bioavailability and B...
Read more